Innate immunity (phagocytosis, complement system) and adaptive immunity (B-cells, T-cells, antibodies).
To understand how microbes cause disease, Robert Koch established four criteria to identify the causative agent of an infectious disease: medical microbiology lecture notes ppt free
Look for algorithmic flowcharts that help differentiate bacteria (e.g., Catalase-positive →right arrow Coagulase-positive →right arrow Staphylococcus aureus ). Innate immunity (phagocytosis
Sterilization, disinfection, and mechanisms of action for major antibiotic classes complement system) and adaptive immunity (B-cells
One organism benefits, the other is unaffected.
: Mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer (conjugation, transformation, transduction).
: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae . Mycology and Parasitology